Nonlinear finite element analysis is applied at the meso-scale, with strands of beam elements representing individual yarns and meshed surfaces modelling the mandrel and tooling. However, the lack of accurate modelling tools for the simulation of this manufacturing process means that much empiricism is currently used in the design of such structures. A novel numerical framework is presented here for the full-scale simulation of the braiding process over structured end-fittings. This requires the introduction of protrusions onto the surface of the end-fitting to promote mechanical interlocking with the fibres. ![]() without the need for secondary adhesive bonding. Recent advances in additive layer manufacture have enabled the fabrication of end-fittings which can be ‘co-impregnated’ or ‘co-cured’ with the fibre preform in a single step, i.e. One of the main challenges however is the integration of suitably performing end-fittings. Braiding is an attractive manufacturing method for tubular elements such as hollow shafts and struts.
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